Ma gridi amapaketi osiyanasiyana opangidwa ndi malata amatha kupangidwa mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi zosowa za zinthu zomwe zapakidwa. Akhoza kulowetsedwa ndi kupindidwa mu mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zotetezera katundu. Zida zopangira makatoni okhala ndi corrugated ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira ma CD ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala oyamba kusankha zowonjezera.
Zipangizo zopangidwa ndi malata makatoni zili ndi ubwino wa teknoloji yosavuta yopangira, kulemera kwake, ndi mtengo wotsika. Atha kugwiritsanso ntchito ngodya zotsalira za zinthu zina zolongedza, zomwe zimasunga chuma ndikuchepetsa zinyalala. Zidazi sizidzaipitsa chilengedwe pakagwiritsidwe ntchito ndipo ndizosavuta kuzibwezeretsanso, motero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Padziko lonse lapansi, zida izi zimasankhidwa ndi dzina la Type 09. Muyezo wadziko langa, GB/6543-2008, umaperekanso masitayelo ndi ma code a zida zosiyanasiyana muzowonjezera zodziwitsa.
▲ Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazowonjezera
Ndi zinthu zotani zomwe zida zopangidwa ndi malata ziyenera kukhala nazo kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zapaketi? Ili ndi funso lomwe okonza amafunika kuliphunzira ndikufufuza.
Chalk corrugated makatoni zambiri amapangidwa mu mawonekedwe oika kapena apangidwe. Mu phukusi, iwo makamaka amagwira ntchito yotchinga ndi kudzaza.
Choyamba, tiyeni tifufuze mphamvu ya zipangizo izi mu phukusi posungira ndi mayendedwe. Panthawi yoyendetsa, pamene phukusilo likuyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yakunja kuchokera kumbali yopingasa (X direction), monga kuphulika mwadzidzidzi, mbali zamkati zidzapita patsogolo chifukwa cha inertia, ndi kutsogolo kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. ndipo makoma omangirira kumbuyo kwa gawolo adzapangidwa. zotsatira.
Popeza zinthu zapakhoma zowonjezera zimakhala ndi makatoni a malata, zimakhala ndi ntchito inayake yotsamira, yomwe ingachepetse kuvulaza komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, gawolo likhoza kukhala ndi mkangano ndi makoma owonjezera kumanzere ndi kumanja kapena kulongedza pamwamba ndi pansi pa gawolo. Chifukwa cha kukangana, kusuntha kwa zomwe zili mkatimo kumachepetsedwa kapena kutetezedwa (momwemonso ndi njira ya Z).
Ngati phukusili likugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka (Y direction) ndi kukhudzidwa, zigawo zamkati zidzasunthira mmwamba ndi pansi, zomwe zidzakhudza pamwamba ndi pansi pa bokosi lolongedza la zigawozo. Momwemonso, chifukwa cha zida zonyamula pamwamba ndi pansi zomwe zili ndi zinthu zina zomangira, Zimathandizanso kuchepetsa zoopsa zomwe zingachitike. Ndipo imathanso kuyambitsa mikangano ndi makoma anayi a chowonjezera, kuteteza kapena kuchepetsa kusuntha kwazomwe zili mkati.
Kupatula pa zosowa zapadera, zowonjezera sizimagwira ntchito yothandizira phukusi lonse. Choncho, nthawi zambiri, panthawi ya stacking, zowonjezera zimagwira ntchito yolekanitsa ndipo sizithandizira kwambiri pazinthu zina.
Tiyeni tiwunikenso kuthekera kwa kuwonongeka kwa zida ndi zotengera zonyamula panthawi yosungira ndi mayendedwe. Popeza kuti zipangizozi zimadzaza malo ambiri a phukusi, zomwe zili mu phukusi sizikhala ndi malo ambiri oyendayenda ndipo zimatha kukhudza khoma la chowonjezera. , chifukwa cha zotsatira za kukangana, kuyenda kwa zomwe zili mkati kumaletsedwa. Choncho, zigawo za zipangizo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zotsatira zake ndi gawo lokhudzidwa la phukusi silidzawonongeka kwambiri. Popeza zida izi zimatetezedwa ndi zotengera zonyamula, sizidzawonongeka pakasungidwe wamba.
Kusanthula pamwambapa kumafuna kuti zowonjezerazo zikhale ndi magwiridwe antchito ena komanso ma coefficient of friction. Chifukwa cha zofunikira pakukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, zowonjezerazo ziyeneranso kukhala ndi kukana kwina. Pakusungirako ndi kunyamula, zowonjezera nthawi zambiri sizimakakamizidwa, ndipo zowonjezera zomwe zilibe gawo lothandizira sizikhala ndi zofunikira zazikulu za kukana kukanikiza m'mphepete mwa makatoni a malata. Choncho, kupatula pa zosowa zapadera, muyezo wa dziko lonse GB / 6543-2008 S- 2. Kapena kupanikizika kwa m'mphepete ndi zizindikiro za kuphulika kwa B-2.1 zingathe kukwaniritsa zosowa.
Mapangidwe abwino oyikapo amatanthawuza kuti machitidwe osiyanasiyana azinthu zonyamula katundu ndi zokwanira kuti ateteze katunduyo kuti asapangidwe ndi kugawidwa m'manja mwa makasitomala. Kufunafuna kulongedza kwambiri kungayambitse kuwononga zinthu, zomwe sizoyenera kulimbikitsa. Momwe mungakwaniritsire pazipita pakati pa kukonza khalidwe la mankhwala ndi kupulumutsa chuma, wololera yaiwisi chiŵerengero, wololera kamangidwe ndi ndondomeko, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera ndi njira kuthetsa vutoli. Potengera zomwe wakumana nazo komanso zomwe wakumana nazo pantchitoyo, wolembayo akupereka njira zotsutsana ndi kulumikizana ndi kukambirana.
Countermeasure one:
Sankhani chiŵerengero choyenera cha zipangizo
Chalk wamba zopangidwa corrugated makatoni alibe zofunika mkulu kukakamiza m'mphepete ndi kuphulika kukana. Muyenera kuyesa kusankha C, D, ndi E-grade base paper. Malingana ngati ntchitoyo ikukwaniritsa zofunikira, musathamangire mphamvu zambiri ndikuyesera kusagwiritsa ntchito kukula. pepala loyambira. Chifukwa pepala loyambira lili ndi mphamvu zambiri, koma magwiridwe antchito siabwino, ndipo pamwamba pa pepalalo amakhala osalala chifukwa cha kukula kwake, ndipo kugundana kumachepa, zomwe zimachepetsa kuyika kwake m'malo mwake. Choncho, makatoni apamwamba si oyenera kupanga zipangizo.
1. Pulagi-mu mtundu zipangizo
Zimagwira makamaka ngati chotchinga. Zopangira siziyenera kukhala zolimba kapena zolimba kwambiri. M'malo mwake, chinthu chofewa chimathandiza kwambiri kuti chikhale chotsitsimula. Zida zolimba zimakhala ndi coefficient yayikulu ya kukangana, zomwe zimapindulitsa kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha zomwe zili. Zida zamtundu wa plug-in nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowongoka zikagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zimafunikira kuuma kwina. Pachiŵerengero cha zipangizo zopangira, kuwonjezera pa kusankha pepala loyambira popanda kukula, mapepala apansi okhuthala ayeneranso kuganiziridwa pamlingo womwewo wa pepala loyambira. Kuti musaonjezere kulemera kwake, mutha kusankha pepala loyambira ndi zothina zazing'ono, kuti zidazo zikhalebe zowongoka bwino, zomwe zimathandizira kuti pakhale ntchito komanso kulongedza pakupanga, ndipo pepala lotayirira limakhala lokhazikika bwino. magwiridwe antchito kuposa pepala lolimba lolimba, lomwe limathandizira pakuyika. kusungirako ndi mayendedwe.
2. Zowonjezera zowonjezera
Posankha chiŵerengero cha zipangizo zopangira, osati zomwe zili pamwambazi ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa, komanso chifukwa cha zofunikira zopindika pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, pepala loyambira liyenera kukhala ndi kukana kwina, ndikuyesera kusankha pepala la nkhope ndi pang'ono. kukana kwakukulu kopinda kwa chiŵerengero. Yesetsani kuti musasankhe mapepala oyambira, makamaka osagwiritsa ntchito mapepala opangira corrugation, chifukwa kupanga corrugation kumawonjezera kuthekera kwa kusweka kwa mapepala.
Masiku ano, pali mitundu yambiri ya mapepala oyambira, ndipo pali njira zambiri zomwe mungasankhe. Malingana ngati mutasankha chiŵerengero choyenera mosamala, mudzapeza kuthekera kwakukulu pakuwongolera khalidwe lazinthu ndi kupulumutsa chuma.
▲ Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazowonjezera
Countermeasure two:
Sankhani njira yoyenera yolowera
Kuchokera pazomwe tafotokozazi, ngati kukana kopindika kwa zida zopangidwa ndi malata sikwabwino, kungayambitse kusweka pamzere pakukonza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito. Kusankha njira yoyenera yolowera mkati ndi imodzi mwa njira zochepetsera kusweka.
Moyenera yonjezerani m'lifupi mwa mzere wa indentation, ndi mzere wochuluka wa indentation, mu ndondomeko ya indentation, chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa malo oponderezedwa, kupanikizika pa indentation kumabalalitsidwa, motero kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa kupasuka pa indentation . Kugwiritsa ntchito chida chofewa, chocheperako chakuthwa, monga pulasitiki, kungathenso kuchepetsa kusweka pamzere wopangira.
Ngati ma creases a zida izi apindidwa mbali imodzi, njira yolumikizira ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mwa njira iyi, panthawi yokonza, zinthu zomwe zili kumbali zonse ziwiri za mzere wa indentation zimakhala ndi zina zomwe zisanayambe kutambasula, zomwe zingathandizenso kuchepetsa fracture.
Njira yachitatu:
sankhani kapangidwe koyenera
Pamene ntchito yothandizira ya Chalk sichiganiziridwa, ndi njira yabwino yopititsira patsogolo kukana kopindika posankha indentation momwe mungathere.
Kwa makatoni okhala ndi malata opangidwa ndi mzere wopanga ndi makina a nkhope imodzi, mayendedwe a corrugation amafanana ndi njira yodutsa pamapepala oyambira. Sankhani indentation munjira yofanana ndi corrugation. Mukakonza ndikugwiritsa ntchito, ndikupinda pepala loyambira munjira yotalikirapo.
Chimodzi ndi chakuti kukana kwautali wopindika kwa pepala loyambira ndikwapamwamba kuposa kukana kupindika kopingasa, komwe kungachepetse kusweka pamzere wokhazikika.
Yachiwiri ndikulozera munjira yolumikizana ndi malata. Kutambasula kwa zipangizo kumbali zonse ziwiri za indentation ndi njira yotalikirapo ya pepala loyambira. Chifukwa mphamvu yosweka kwa nthawi yayitali ya pepala loyambira ndi yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yosweka yodutsa, kupsinjika kozungulira khola kumachepa. kusweka. Mwa njira iyi, zopangira zomwezo, kudzera muzopangidwira, zimatha kugwira ntchito yosiyana kwambiri.
Countermeasure 4:
Sankhani njira yoyenera yogwiritsira ntchito
Zipangizo zopangidwa ndi makatoni a malata zimakhala ndi mphamvu zinazake chifukwa cha katundu wa zipangizo. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera, musagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zambiri zakunja kuti zisawonongeke. Pogwiritsa ntchito chowonjezera chopinda, sichiyenera kupindika 180 ° nthawi imodzi.
Chifukwa zopangidwa ndi mapepala ndi zida za hydrophilic, chinyezi chachilengedwe pakagwiritsidwe ntchito komanso chinyezi chazinthu zowonjezera ndizinthu zomwe zimakhudza kusweka kwa zida. Chinyezi cha makatoni a malata nthawi zambiri chimakhala pakati pa (7% ndi 12%). Ponena za zotsatira zake, ndizoyenera kwambiri. Chilengedwe kapena zinthu ndizouma kwambiri, zomwe zidzawonjezera mwayi wosweka makatoni. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti kunyowa kwambiri kumakhala bwinoko, kunyowa kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti zomwe zilimo zikhale zonyowa. Zachidziwikire, kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'malo achilengedwe, motero wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuchitapo kanthu molingana ndi chilengedwe komanso momwe zinthu ziliri.
Zoyikapo ndi zopindika izi zikuwoneka ngati zosafunika ndipo sizinakope chidwi kwambiri. Pambuyo pa zovuta zamakhalidwe, kuwongolera kachulukidwe ka pepala loyambira nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwaniritsa cholinga chokweza bwino. Ena m'malo mwa pepala loyambira ndi mapepala apamwamba kwambiri komanso kukula kwake, zomwe zingathe kuthetsa mavuto monga kusweka, koma kuchepetsa machitidwe ena. Izi sizidzangolephera kuthetsa vuto lalikulu, komanso zidzawonjezera ndalama ndikuwononga.
Zida zomwe zili mu phukusi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka, malinga ngati zowonjezera zazing'ono zimapangidwira, zoyambazo zidzakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-03-2023
